Halo Replication feature for AFR translator

Summary:
Halo Geo-replication is a feature which allows Gluster or NFS clients to write locally to their region (as defined by a latency "halo" or threshold if you like), and have their writes asynchronously propagate from their origin to the rest of the cluster.  Clients can also write synchronously to the cluster simply by specifying a halo-latency which is very large (e.g. 10seconds) which will include all bricks.

In other words, it allows clients to decide at mount time if they desire synchronous or asynchronous IO into a cluster and the cluster can support both of these modes to any number of clients simultaneously.

There are a few new volume options due to this feature:
  halo-shd-latency:  The threshold below which self-heal daemons will
  consider children (bricks) connected.

  halo-nfsd-latency: The threshold below which NFS daemons will consider
  children (bricks) connected.

  halo-latency: The threshold below which all other clients will
  consider children (bricks) connected.

  halo-min-replicas: The minimum number of replicas which are to
  be enforced regardless of latency specified in the above 3 options.
  If the number of children falls below this threshold the next
  best (chosen by latency) shall be swapped in.

New FUSE mount options:
  halo-latency & halo-min-replicas: As descripted above.

This feature combined with multi-threaded SHD support (D1271745) results in some pretty cool geo-replication possibilities.

Operational Notes:
- Global consistency is gaurenteed for synchronous clients, this is provided by the existing entry-locking mechanism.
- Asynchronous clients on the other hand and merely consistent to their region.  Writes & deletes will be protected via entry-locks as usual preventing concurrent writes into files which are undergoing replication.  Read operations on the other hand should never block.
- Writes are allowed from _any_ region and propagated from the origin to all other regions.  The take away from this is care should be taken to ensure multiple writers do not write the same files resulting in a gfid split-brain which will require resolution via split-brain policies (majority, mtime & size).  Recommended method for preventing this is using the nfs-auth feature to define which region for each share has RW permissions, tiers not in the origin region should have RO perms.

TODO:
- Synchronous clients (including the SHD) should choose clients from their own region as preferred sources for reads.  Most of the plumbing is in place for this via the child_latency array.
- Better GFID split brain handling & better dent type split brain handling (i.e. create a trash can and move the offending files into it).
- Tagging in addition to latency as a means of defining which children you wish to synchronously write to

Test Plan:
- The usual suspects, clang, gcc w/ address sanitizer & valgrind
- Prove tests

Reviewers: jackl, dph, cjh, meyering

Reviewed By: meyering

Subscribers: ethanr

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.fb.com/D1272053

Tasks: 4117827

Change-Id: I694a9ab429722da538da171ec528406e77b5e6d1
Signed-off-by: Kevin Vigor <kvigor@fb.com>
Reviewed-on: http://review.gluster.org/16099
NetBSD-regression: NetBSD Build System <jenkins@build.gluster.org>
Smoke: Gluster Build System <jenkins@build.gluster.org>
CentOS-regression: Gluster Build System <jenkins@build.gluster.org>
Reviewed-by: Shreyas Siravara <sshreyas@fb.com>

5 files changed, 27 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/libglusterfs/src/latency.c b/libglusterfs/src/latency.c
index 611615949fa..3399cc7c297 100644
--- a/libglusterfs/src/latency.c
+++ b/libglusterfs/src/latency.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "statedump.h"
 #include "libglusterfs-messages.h"
 
+static int gf_set_fop_from_fn_pointer_warning;
 void
 gf_set_fop_from_fn_pointer (call_frame_t *frame, struct xlator_fops *fops, void *fn)
 {
@@ -108,8 +109,15 @@ gf_set_fop_from_fn_pointer (call_frame_t *frame, struct xlator_fops *fops, void
                 fop = GF_FOP_READDIRP;
         else if (fops->getspec == *(fop_getspec_t *)&fn)
                 fop = GF_FOP_GETSPEC;
-        else
-                fop = -1;
+        else if (fops->ipc == *(fop_ipc_t *)&fn)
+                fop = GF_FOP_IPC;
+        else {
+                fop = GF_FOP_NULL;
+                GF_LOG_OCCASIONALLY(gf_set_fop_from_fn_pointer_warning,
+                                    "latency",
+                                    GF_LOG_WARNING,
+                                    "Unknown FOP type");
+        }
 
         frame->op   = fop;
 }
diff --git a/libglusterfs/src/mem-types.h b/libglusterfs/src/mem-types.h
index afa52d8bc45..fc7bf9e5996 100644
--- a/libglusterfs/src/mem-types.h
+++ b/libglusterfs/src/mem-types.h
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ enum gf_common_mem_types_ {
         /*lock migration*/
         gf_common_mt_lock_mig,
         gf_common_mt_pthread_t,
+        gf_common_ping_local_t,
         gf_common_mt_end
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/libglusterfs/src/timespec.c b/libglusterfs/src/timespec.c
index f7b2bea2f30..903303d1380 100644
--- a/libglusterfs/src/timespec.c
+++ b/libglusterfs/src/timespec.c
@@ -60,3 +60,15 @@ void timespec_adjust_delta (struct timespec *ts, struct timespec delta)
         ts->tv_sec += ((ts->tv_nsec + delta.tv_nsec) / 1000000000);
         ts->tv_sec += delta.tv_sec;
 }
+
+void timespec_sub (const struct timespec *begin, const struct timespec *end,
+                   struct timespec *res)
+{
+        if (end->tv_nsec < begin->tv_nsec) {
+                res->tv_sec = end->tv_sec - begin->tv_sec - 1;
+                res->tv_nsec = end->tv_nsec + 1000000000 - begin->tv_nsec;
+        } else {
+                res->tv_sec = end->tv_sec - begin->tv_sec;
+                res->tv_nsec = end->tv_nsec - begin->tv_nsec;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/libglusterfs/src/timespec.h b/libglusterfs/src/timespec.h
index f37194b97cf..9c393ee7166 100644
--- a/libglusterfs/src/timespec.h
+++ b/libglusterfs/src/timespec.h
@@ -20,5 +20,8 @@
 
 void timespec_now (struct timespec *ts);
 void timespec_adjust_delta (struct timespec *ts, struct timespec delta);
+void timespec_sub (const struct timespec *begin,
+                   const struct timespec *end,
+                   struct timespec *res);
 
 #endif /*  __INCLUDE_TIMESPEC_H__ */
diff --git a/libglusterfs/src/xlator.h b/libglusterfs/src/xlator.h
index 70e6f0a108d..571dce2aded 100644
--- a/libglusterfs/src/xlator.h
+++ b/libglusterfs/src/xlator.h
@@ -927,6 +927,7 @@ struct _xlator {
 
         gf_loglevel_t    loglevel;   /* Log level for translator */
 
+        int64_t             client_latency;
         /* for latency measurement */
         fop_latency_t latencies[GF_FOP_MAXVALUE];