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diff --git a/doc/admin-guide/en-US/markdown/admin_geo-replication.md b/doc/admin-guide/en-US/markdown/admin_geo-replication.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b1f5c6df93..00000000000 --- a/doc/admin-guide/en-US/markdown/admin_geo-replication.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,681 +0,0 @@ -#Managing Geo-replication - -Geo-replication provides a continuous, asynchronous, and incremental -replication service from one site to another over Local Area Networks -(LANs), Wide Area Network (WANs), and across the Internet. - -Geo-replication uses a master–slave model, whereby replication and -mirroring occurs between the following partners: - -- **Master** – a GlusterFS volume - -- **Slave** – a slave which can be of the following types: - - - A local directory which can be represented as file URL like - `file:///path/to/dir`. You can use shortened form, for example, - ` /path/to/dir`. - - - A GlusterFS Volume - Slave volume can be either a local volume - like `gluster://localhost:volname` (shortened form - `:volname`) - or a volume served by different host like - `gluster://host:volname` (shortened form - `host:volname`). - - > **Note** - > - > Both of the above types can be accessed remotely using SSH tunnel. - > To use SSH, add an SSH prefix to either a file URL or gluster type - > URL. For example, ` ssh://root@remote-host:/path/to/dir` - > (shortened form - `root@remote-host:/path/to/dir`) or - > `ssh://root@remote-host:gluster://localhost:volname` (shortened - > from - `root@remote-host::volname`). - -This section introduces Geo-replication, illustrates the various -deployment scenarios, and explains how to configure the system to -provide replication and mirroring in your environment. - -##Replicated Volumes vs Geo-replication - -The following table lists the difference between replicated volumes and -geo-replication: - - Replicated Volumes | Geo-replication - --- | --- - Mirrors data across clusters | Mirrors data across geographically distributed clusters - Provides high-availability | Ensures backing up of data for disaster recovery - Synchronous replication (each and every file operation is sent across all the bricks) | Asynchronous replication (checks for the changes in files periodically and syncs them on detecting differences) - -##Preparing to Deploy Geo-replication - -This section provides an overview of the Geo-replication deployment -scenarios, describes how you can check the minimum system requirements, -and explores common deployment scenarios. - -##Exploring Geo-replication Deployment Scenarios - -Geo-replication provides an incremental replication service over Local -Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Network (WANs), and across the Internet. -This section illustrates the most common deployment scenarios for -Geo-replication, including the following: - -- Geo-replication over LAN -- Geo-replication over WAN -- Geo-replication over the Internet -- Multi-site cascading Geo-replication - -**Geo-replication over LAN** - -You can configure Geo-replication to mirror data over a Local Area -Network. - -![ Geo-replication over LAN ][] - -**Geo-replication over WAN** - -You can configure Geo-replication to replicate data over a Wide Area -Network. - -![ Geo-replication over WAN ][] - -**Geo-replication over Internet** - -You can configure Geo-replication to mirror data over the Internet. - -![ Geo-replication over Internet ][] - -**Multi-site cascading Geo-replication** - -You can configure Geo-replication to mirror data in a cascading fashion -across multiple sites. - -![ Multi-site cascading Geo-replication ][] - -##Geo-replication Deployment Overview - -Deploying Geo-replication involves the following steps: - -1. Verify that your environment matches the minimum system requirement. -2. Determine the appropriate deployment scenario. -3. Start Geo-replication on master and slave systems, as required. - -##Checking Geo-replication Minimum Requirements - -Before deploying GlusterFS Geo-replication, verify that your systems -match the minimum requirements. - -The following table outlines the minimum requirements for both master -and slave nodes within your environment: - - Component | Master | Slave - --- | --- | --- - Operating System | GNU/Linux | GNU/Linux - Filesystem | GlusterFS 3.2 or higher | GlusterFS 3.2 or higher (GlusterFS needs to be installed, but does not need to be running), ext3, ext4, or XFS (any other POSIX compliant file system would work, but has not been tested extensively) - Python | Python 2.4 (with ctypes external module), or Python 2.5 (or higher) | Python 2.4 (with ctypes external module), or Python 2.5 (or higher) - Secure shell | OpenSSH version 4.0 (or higher) | SSH2-compliant daemon - Remote synchronization | rsync 3.0.7 or higher | rsync 3.0.7 or higher - FUSE | GlusterFS supported versions | GlusterFS supported versions - -##Setting Up the Environment for Geo-replication - -**Time Synchronization** - -- On bricks of a geo-replication master volume, all the servers' time - must be uniform. You are recommended to set up NTP (Network Time - Protocol) service to keep the bricks sync in time and avoid - out-of-time sync effect. - - For example: In a Replicated volume where brick1 of the master is at - 12.20 hrs and brick 2 of the master is at 12.10 hrs with 10 minutes - time lag, all the changes in brick2 between this period may go - unnoticed during synchronization of files with Slave. - -**To setup Geo-replication for SSH** - -Password-less login has to be set up between the host machine (where -geo-replication Start command will be issued) and the remote machine -(where slave process should be launched through SSH). - -1. On the node where geo-replication sessions are to be set up, run the - following command: - - # ssh-keygen -f /var/lib/glusterd/geo-replication/secret.pem - - Press Enter twice to avoid passphrase. - -2. Run the following command on master for all the slave hosts: - - # ssh-copy-id -i /var/lib/glusterd/geo-replication/secret.pem.pub @ - -##Setting Up the Environment for a Secure Geo-replication Slave - -You can configure a secure slave using SSH so that master is granted a -restricted access. With GlusterFS, you need not specify configuration -parameters regarding the slave on the master-side configuration. For -example, the master does not require the location of the rsync program -on slave but the slave must ensure that rsync is in the PATH of the user -which the master connects using SSH. The only information that master -and slave have to negotiate are the slave-side user account, slave's -resources that master uses as slave resources, and the master's public -key. Secure access to the slave can be established using the following -options: - -- Restricting Remote Command Execution - -- Using `Mountbroker` for Slaves - -- Using IP based Access Control - -**Backward Compatibility** - -Your existing Ge-replication environment will work with GlusterFS, -except for the following: - -- The process of secure reconfiguration affects only the glusterfs - instance on slave. The changes are transparent to master with the - exception that you may have to change the SSH target to an - unprivileged account on slave. - -- The following are the some exceptions where this might not work: - - - Geo-replication URLs which specify the slave resource when - configuring master will include the following special - characters: space, \*, ?, [; - - - Slave must have a running instance of glusterd, even if there is - no gluster volume among the mounted slave resources (that is, - file tree slaves are used exclusively). - -### Restricting Remote Command Execution - -If you restrict remote command execution, then the Slave audits commands -coming from the master and the commands related to the given -geo-replication session is allowed. The Slave also provides access only -to the files within the slave resource which can be read or manipulated -by the Master. - -To restrict remote command execution: - -1. Identify the location of the gsyncd helper utility on Slave. This - utility is installed in `PREFIX/libexec/glusterfs/gsyncd`, where - PREFIX is a compile-time parameter of glusterfs. For example, - `--prefix=PREFIX` to the configure script with the following common - values` /usr, /usr/local, and /opt/glusterfs/glusterfs_version`. - -2. Ensure that command invoked from master to slave passed through the - slave's gsyncd utility. - - You can use either of the following two options: - - - Set gsyncd with an absolute path as the shell for the account - which the master connects through SSH. If you need to use a - privileged account, then set it up by creating a new user with - UID 0. - - - Setup key authentication with command enforcement to gsyncd. You - must prefix the copy of master's public key in the Slave - account's `authorized_keys` file with the following command: - - `command=<path to gsyncd>`. - - For example, - `command="PREFIX/glusterfs/gsyncd" ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nza....` - -### Using Mountbroker for Slaves - -`mountbroker` is a new service of glusterd. This service allows an -unprivileged process to own a GlusterFS mount by registering a label -(and DSL (Domain-specific language) options ) with glusterd through a -glusterd volfile. Using CLI, you can send a mount request to glusterd to -receive an alias (symlink) of the mounted volume. - -A request from the agent , the unprivileged slave agents use the -mountbroker service of glusterd to set up an auxiliary gluster mount for -the agent in a special environment which ensures that the agent is only -allowed to access with special parameters that provide administrative -level access to the particular volume. - -**To setup an auxiliary gluster mount for the agent**: - -1. In all Slave nodes, create a new group. For example, `geogroup`. - -2. In all Slave nodes, create a unprivileged account. For example, ` geoaccount`. Make it a - member of ` geogroup`. - -3. In all Slave nodes, Create a new directory owned by root and with permissions *0711.* - For example, create a create mountbroker-root directory - `/var/mountbroker-root`. - -4. In any one of Slave node, Run the following commands to add options to glusterd vol -file(`/etc/glusterfs/glusterd.vol`) - in rpm installations and `/usr/local/etc/glusterfs/glusterd.vol` in Source installation. - - ```sh - gluster system:: execute mountbroker opt mountbroker-root /var/mountbroker-root - gluster system:: execute mountbroker opt geo-replication-log-group geogroup - gluster system:: execute mountbroker opt rpc-auth-allow-insecure on - ``` - -5. In any one of the Slave node, Add Mountbroker user to glusterd vol file using, - - ```sh - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount slavevol - ``` - - where slavevol is the Slave Volume name - - If you host multiple slave volumes on Slave, for each of them and add the following options to the -volfile using, - - ```sh - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount2 slavevol2 - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount3 slavevol3 - ``` - - To add multiple volumes per mountbroker user, - - ```sh - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount1 slavevol11,slavevol12,slavevol13 - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount2 slavevol21,slavevol22 - gluster system:: execute mountbroker user geoaccount3 slavevol31 - ``` -6. Restart `glusterd` service on all Slave nodes. - -7. Setup a passwdless SSH from one of the master node to the user on one of the slave node. -For example, to geoaccount. - -8. Create a geo-replication relationship between master and slave to the user by running the -following command on the master node: - - ```sh - gluster volume geo-replication <master_volume> <mountbroker_user>@<slave_host>::<slave_volume> create push-pem [force] - ``` - -9. In the slavenode, which is used to create relationship, run `/usr/libexec/glusterfs/set_geo_rep_pem_keys.sh` -as a root with user name, master volume name, and slave volume names as the arguments. - - ```sh - /usr/libexec/glusterfs/set_geo_rep_pem_keys.sh <mountbroker_user> <master_volume> <slave_volume> - ``` - -### Using IP based Access Control - -You can use IP based access control method to provide access control for -the slave resources using IP address. You can use method for both Slave -and file tree slaves, but in the section, we are focusing on file tree -slaves using this method. - -To set access control based on IP address for file tree slaves: - -1. Set a general restriction for accessibility of file tree resources: - - # gluster volume geo-replication '/*' config allow-network ::1,127.0.0.1 - - This will refuse all requests for spawning slave agents except for - requests initiated locally. - -2. If you want the to lease file tree at `/data/slave-tree` to Master, - enter the following command: - - # gluster volume geo-replicationconfig allow-network - - `MasterIP` is the IP address of Master. The slave agent spawn - request from master will be accepted if it is executed at - `/data/slave-tree`. - -If the Master side network configuration does not enable the Slave to -recognize the exact IP address of Master, you can use CIDR notation to -specify a subnet instead of a single IP address as MasterIP or even -comma-separated lists of CIDR subnets. - -If you want to extend IP based access control to gluster slaves, use the -following command: - - # gluster volume geo-replication '*' config allow-network ::1,127.0.0.1 - -##Starting Geo-replication - -This section describes how to configure and start Gluster -Geo-replication in your storage environment, and verify that it is -functioning correctly. - -###Starting Geo-replication - -To start Gluster Geo-replication - -- Use the following command to start geo-replication between the hosts: - - # gluster volume geo-replication start - - For example: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir start - Starting geo-replication session between Volume1 - example.com:/data/remote_dir has been successful - - > **Note** - > - > You may need to configure the service before starting Gluster - > Geo-replication. - -###Verifying Successful Deployment - -You can use the gluster command to verify the status of Gluster -Geo-replication in your environment. - -**To verify the status Gluster Geo-replication** - -- Verify the status by issuing the following command on host: - - # gluster volume geo-replication status - - For example: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir status - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir status - MASTER SLAVE STATUS - ______ ______________________________ ____________ - Volume1 root@example.com:/data/remote_dir Starting.... - -###Displaying Geo-replication Status Information - -You can display status information about a specific geo-replication -master session, or a particular master-slave session, or all -geo-replication sessions, as needed. - -**To display geo-replication status information** - -- Use the following command to display information of all geo-replication sessions: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir status - -- Use the following command to display information of a particular master slave session: - - # gluster volume geo-replication status - - For example, to display information of Volume1 and - example.com:/data/remote\_dir - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir status - - The status of the geo-replication between Volume1 and - example.com:/data/remote\_dir is displayed. - -- Display information of all geo-replication sessions belonging to a - master - - # gluster volume geo-replication MASTER status - - For example, to display information of Volume1 - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir status - - The status of a session could be one of the following: - -- **Initializing**: This is the initial phase of the Geo-replication session; - it remains in this state for a minute in order to make sure no abnormalities are present. - -- **Created**: The geo-replication session is created, but not started. - -- **Active**: The gsync daemon in this node is active and syncing the data. - -- **Passive**: A replica pair of the active node. The data synchronization is handled by active node. - Hence, this node does not sync any data. - -- **Faulty**: The geo-replication session has experienced a problem, and the issue needs to be - investigated further. - -- **Stopped**: The geo-replication session has stopped, but has not been deleted. - - The Crawl Status can be one of the following: - -- **Changelog Crawl**: The changelog translator has produced the changelog and that is being consumed - by gsyncd daemon to sync data. - -- **Hybrid Crawl**: The gsyncd daemon is crawling the glusterFS file system and generating pseudo - changelog to sync data. - -- **Checkpoint Status**: Displays the status of the checkpoint, if set. Otherwise, it displays as N/A. - -##Configuring Geo-replication - -To configure Gluster Geo-replication - -- Use the following command at the Gluster command line: - - # gluster volume geo-replication config [options] - - For example: - - Use the following command to view list of all option/value pair: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir config - -####Configurable Options - -The following table provides an overview of the configurable options for a geo-replication setting: - - Option | Description - --- | --- - gluster-log-file LOGFILE | The path to the geo-replication glusterfs log file. - gluster-log-level LOGFILELEVEL| The log level for glusterfs processes. - log-file LOGFILE | The path to the geo-replication log file. - log-level LOGFILELEVEL | The log level for geo-replication. - ssh-command COMMAND | The SSH command to connect to the remote machine (the default is SSH). - rsync-command COMMAND | The rsync command to use for synchronizing the files (the default is rsync). - use-tarssh true | The use-tarssh command allows tar over Secure Shell protocol. Use this option to handle workloads of files that have not undergone edits. - volume_id=UID | The command to delete the existing master UID for the intermediate/slave node. - timeout SECONDS | The timeout period in seconds. - sync-jobs N | The number of simultaneous files/directories that can be synchronized. - ignore-deletes | If this option is set to 1, a file deleted on the master will not trigger a delete operation on the slave. As a result, the slave will remain as a superset of the master and can be used to recover the master in the event of a crash and/or accidental delete. - checkpoint [LABEL|now] | Sets a checkpoint with the given option LABEL. If the option is set as now, then the current time will be used as the label. - -##Stopping Geo-replication - -You can use the gluster command to stop Gluster Geo-replication (syncing -of data from Master to Slave) in your environment. - -**To stop Gluster Geo-replication** - -- Use the following command to stop geo-replication between the hosts: - - # gluster volume geo-replication stop - - For example: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 example.com:/data/remote_dir stop - Stopping geo-replication session between Volume1 and - example.com:/data/remote_dir has been successful - -##Restoring Data from the Slave - -You can restore data from the slave to the master volume, whenever the -master volume becomes faulty for reasons like hardware failure. - -The example in this section assumes that you are using the Master Volume -(Volume1) with the following configuration: - - machine1# gluster volume info - Type: Distribute - Status: Started - Number of Bricks: 2 - Transport-type: tcp - Bricks: - Brick1: machine1:/export/dir16 - Brick2: machine2:/export/dir16 - Options Reconfigured: - geo-replication.indexing: on - -The data is syncing from master volume (Volume1) to slave directory -(example.com:/data/remote\_dir). To view the status of this -geo-replication session run the following command on Master: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 root@example.com:/data/remote_dir status - -**Before Failure** - -Assume that the Master volume had 100 files and was mounted at -/mnt/gluster on one of the client machines (client). Run the following -command on Client machine to view the list of files: - - client# ls /mnt/gluster | wc –l - 100 - -The slave directory (example.com) will have same data as in the master -volume and same can be viewed by running the following command on slave: - - example.com# ls /data/remote_dir/ | wc –l - 100 - -**After Failure** - -If one of the bricks (machine2) fails, then the status of -Geo-replication session is changed from "OK" to "Faulty". To view the -status of this geo-replication session run the following command on -Master: - - # gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 root@example.com:/data/remote_dir status - -Machine2 is failed and now you can see discrepancy in number of files -between master and slave. Few files will be missing from the master -volume but they will be available only on slave as shown below. - -Run the following command on Client: - - client # ls /mnt/gluster | wc –l - 52 - -Run the following command on slave (example.com): - - Example.com# # ls /data/remote_dir/ | wc –l - 100 - -**To restore data from the slave machine** - -1. Use the following command to stop all Master's geo-replication sessions: - - # gluster volume geo-replication stop - - For example: - - machine1# gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 - example.com:/data/remote_dir stop - - Stopping geo-replication session between Volume1 & - example.com:/data/remote_dir has been successful - - > **Note** - > - > Repeat `# gluster volume geo-replication stop `command on all - > active geo-replication sessions of master volume. - -2. Use the following command to replace the faulty brick in the master: - - # gluster volume replace-brick start - - For example: - - machine1# gluster volume replace-brick Volume1 machine2:/export/dir16 machine3:/export/dir16 start - Replace-brick started successfully - -3. Use the following command to commit the migration of data: - - # gluster volume replace-brick commit force - - For example: - - machine1# gluster volume replace-brick Volume1 machine2:/export/dir16 machine3:/export/dir16 commit force - Replace-brick commit successful - -4. Use the following command to verify the migration of brick by viewing the volume info: - - # gluster volume info - - For example: - - machine1# gluster volume info - Volume Name: Volume1 - Type: Distribute - Status: Started - Number of Bricks: 2 - Transport-type: tcp - Bricks: - Brick1: machine1:/export/dir16 - Brick2: machine3:/export/dir16 - Options Reconfigured: - geo-replication.indexing: on - -5. Run rsync command manually to sync data from slave to master - volume's client (mount point). - - For example: - - example.com# rsync -PavhS --xattrs --ignore-existing /data/remote_dir/ client:/mnt/gluster - - Verify that the data is synced by using the following command: - - On master volume, run the following command: - - Client # ls | wc –l - 100 - - On the Slave run the following command: - - example.com# ls /data/remote_dir/ | wc –l - 100 - - Now Master volume and Slave directory is synced. - -6. Use the following command to restart geo-replication session from master to slave: - - # gluster volume geo-replication start - - For example: - - machine1# gluster volume geo-replication Volume1 - example.com:/data/remote_dir start - Starting geo-replication session between Volume1 & - example.com:/data/remote_dir has been successful - -##Best Practices - -**Manually Setting Time** - -If you have to change the time on your bricks manually, then you must -set uniform time on all bricks. Setting time backward corrupts the -geo-replication index, so the recommended way to set the time manually is: - -1. Stop geo-replication between the master and slave using the - following command: - - # gluster volume geo-replication stop - -2. Stop the geo-replication indexing using the following command: - - # gluster volume set geo-replication.indexing of - -3. Set uniform time on all bricks. - -4. Use the following command to restart your geo-replication session: - - # gluster volume geo-replication start - -**Running Geo-replication commands in one system** - -It is advisable to run the geo-replication commands in one of the bricks -in the trusted storage pool. This is because, the log files for the -geo-replication session would be stored in the \*Server\* where the -Geo-replication start is initiated. Hence it would be easier to locate -the log-files when required. - -**Isolation** - -Geo-replication slave operation is not sandboxed as of now and is ran as -a privileged service. So for the security reason, it is advised to -create a sandbox environment (dedicated machine / dedicated virtual -machine / chroot/container type solution) by the administrator to run -the geo-replication slave in it. Enhancement in this regard will be -available in follow-up minor release. - - [ Geo-replication over LAN ]: ../images/Geo-Rep_LAN.png - [ Geo-replication over WAN ]: ../images/Geo-Rep_WAN.png - [ Geo-replication over Internet ]: ../images/Geo-Rep03_Internet.png - [ Multi-site cascading Geo-replication ]: ../images/Geo-Rep04_Cascading.png |